Optimization of a Prototype Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Wasp Nest Biofilter as a Medium for Degrading Laundry Waste Pollutants

Abstract

Domestic wastewater treatment often faces challenges due to high concentrations of organic matter and dissolved solids that can pollute the environment if left untreated. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a honeycomb biofilter in reducing key wastewater pollutants. The method applied was a laboratory-scale experiment using a small-scale WWTP system equipped with a honeycomb biofilter unit. The treatment results showed a significant reduction of BOD from 56 mg/L to 4.15 mg/L (92% efficiency), COD from 224 mg/L to 5 mg/L (97% efficiency), and TDS from 290 mg/L to 194 mg/L (30% efficiency). All parameters meet the quality standards. However, pH decreased from 7.4 to 4.4 (40% reduction), indicating the need for a pH adjustment unit before final discharge. In conclusion, the honeycomb biofilter proved effective in reducing organic load and dissolved solids, although integration with a pH neutralization unit is required to comply with environmental standards.